Some important points:
1) If ratio is written as A:B, it is said to be a linear form and in case it is written as A/B, it is said to be fractional form.
2) Ratio does not have any unit. It is mere number.
3) The equality of two ratios is known as proportion i.e. a/b = c/d
If a/b = c/d , then it is also equal to a+c/b+d
Invertendo : If a/b = c/d , then b/a = d/c
Alterendo : If a/b = c/d , then a/c = b/d
Componendo : If a/b = c/d , then a+b/b = c+d/d
Dividendo : If a/b = c/d , then a-b/b = c-d/d
Componendo and Dividendo : If a/b = c/d , then a+b/a-b = c+d/c-d
4) If a/b = b/c = c/d =…… so on, then a,b,c,d… are in G.P.
Proof: Let a/b = b/c = c/d =k
c= dk, b= ck, a= bk
Therefore, b= dk^2 and a= dk^2
All are in G.P.
5) If a>b and same positive number is added to each term, then ratio decreases.
For example: a/b = 4/3 = 1.3, If 2 is added to each term, then a/b = 4+2/3+2 = 6/5 = 1.2
Therefore, ratio decreases.
6) If a<b and same positive number is added to each term, then ratio increases.
For example: a/b = 3/4 = 0.7, If 2 is added to each term, then a/b = 3+2/4+2 = 5/6 = 0.8
Therefore, ratio increases.
7) If we multiply or divide any number, there will be no effect on ratio.
8) Let a:b is a ratio
a^2:b^2 is duplicate ratio of a:b
a^3:b^3 is triplicate ratio of a:b
a^1/2:b^1/2 is sub-duplicate ratio of a:b
a^1/3:b^1/3 is sub-triplicate ratio of a:b
9) Proportions i.e. a:b = c:d
a and d are known to be extremes
b and c are known to be means.
10) In a:b :: c:d, d is fourth proportional to a,b and c.
11) If x is third proportional to a,b then it is written as a:b :: b:x.
Problem: 94 is divided into two parts in such a way that the fifth part of second are in ratio 3:4. The first part is?
Solution:
Let these parts are A and B
A/5 = 3 , This implies, A = 15
B/8 4 B 32
1st part = 94*15 = Rs30
47